VEMLIDY is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults with compensated liver disease.
eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; NHANES=National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
a Percentiles of eGFR regressed on age (NHANES III). GFR estimates from serum creatinine clearance using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation based on age, gender, and race. Age ≥20 years; N=15,600.2
b Based on claims from national insurance databases covering Commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid beneficiaries (2006-2015) in 44,026 chronic hep B patients and 121,568 non-chronic hep B patients. The databases contained medical and pharmacy claims for healthcare services performed in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The 2015 cohort included 11,372 patients and 32,110 non-chronic hep B patients.1
In the United States, hypertension is the second leading
cause of kidney failure
Men are at greater risk than women of CKD and ESRD
associated with hypertension3,4
(CDC, 2023, N=807,920 [Source: US Renal Data System data from 2020, all ages]; Weldegiorgis M, et al, 2020, N=2,382,712)
>1 in 3 chronic hepatitis B patients had hypertension based on the retrospective, observational study on data gathered in 20151
(Nguyen MH, et al, 2019, n=11,372)
Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure
~1 in 3 adults with diabetes may have CKD3,5
(CDC, 2023, N=807,920 [Source: US Renal Data System data from 2020, all ages])
>1 in 6 chronic hepatitis B patients had diabetes based on the retrospective, observational study on data gathered in 20151
(Nguyen MH, et al, 2019, n=11,372)
Obesity was strongly associated with both the development and progression of CKD, according to a 2017 review of 14 population-based studies6
(Kovesdy CP, et al, 2017)
~1 in 8 chronic hepatitis B patients were obese or overweight based on the retrospective, observational study on data gathered in 20151
(Nguyen MH, et al, 2019, n=11,372)
Smoking increased the odds of developing kidney disease by 42% in a longitudinal cohort study of 2585 participants7
(Fox CS, et al, 2004; baseline examination in 1978-1982 and follow-up examination in 1998-2001)
>1 in 10 chronic hepatitis B patients were current smokers, based on the prospective, observational study of tobacco consumption in people with chronic hepatitis B infection8
(Brahmania M, et al, 2020; data gathered between January 2011 and May 2016, n=1330)
Regular heavy drinking may double the risk of CKD9
(National Kidney Foundation, 2014)
~1 in 12 chronic hepatitis B patients were heavy drinkers, based on the prospective, observational study of alcohol consumption in people with chronic hepatitis B infection8
(Brahmania M, et al, 2020; data gathered between January 2011 and May 2016, n=1330)
Sedentary behavior is associated with increased risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and overall mortality, according to a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data from 2001-201610
(Yang L, et al, 2019, N=51,896)
>1 in 2 adults have a high prevalence of daily sedentary behavior, according to a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data from 2001-201610
(Yang L, et al, 2019, N=51,896)
~1 in 4 Americans used NSAIDs regularly in a 2017 longitudinal analysis of NHANES data from 1999-200411
(Davis JS, et al, 2017, n=13,744)
The risk of CKD progression increased by 26% with high-dose NSAID use, based on a meta-analysis of 3 observational general practice or population studies12
(Nderitu P, et al, 2013; pooled odds ratio = 1.26 [95% CI: 1.06-1.50]; a limitation of this systematic review included the lack of a standardized measure of ‘high-dose’ NSAID use and the unknown duration of safe NSAID use)
PPI use was shown to increase the risk for CKD, CKD progression, and ESKD, according to a 2020 review of multiple large cohort studies13
(Al-Aly Z, et al, 2020; sampling period between 1993-2012)
Of the general US population, ~1 in 10 adults used a PPI14
(Devraj R, et al, 2020, N=18,504; NHANES data from 2009-2013)
CDC=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CI=confidence interval; CKD=chronic kidney disease; ESKD=end-stage kidney disease; ESRD=end-stage renal disease; NSAID=nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI=proton pump inhibitor.